Thinking Activity: Indian Poetics

Hello Friends!

 Pro. Vinod Joshi Sir, Gujarati poet and critic was invited to one week long talk session; starting from 10th February to 18th February, at the department of English M.K. Bhavnagar University.

Vinod Joshi sir  told us there is one difference between Indian Poetics and Western theory of criticism.

"Western Criticism deals with the influence of the work of art. While Indian Criticism deals with the process of work of art. In the world Criticism Indian Criticism is Unique."

Six part of school :-

Rasa - Bharat

Dhvani- Anandvardhan

Riti - Vamana

Alankara - Bhamaha

Vakrokti - Kuntaka

Auchitya - Kemendra

School of RASA :-

 

In the sixth chapter of Natyashashtra…

' विभावानुभावव्याभिचारी संयोगात रसनिष्पत्ति ।'

These four bhavaa vibhav, anubhav, vyabhicharibhav or sancharibhav and sanyog.

 vibhav -     Emotions arises because of vibhav

 Anubhav -  Reaction of Bhavaka

 Sancharibhav - Comes and go

 Sanyog -  Mirth, love, sorrow etc.

               " श्रृंगार-वीर-करुणाद्भुत-हास्‍य-भयानका: । 

                   बीभत्‍सरौद्रौ शान्‍तश्‍च रसा: नव प्रकीर्तिता: ।।"

Nine RASA in Natysastra with it is sthyibhav.

               RASA                   STHYIBHAV

               શૃંગાર                     રતિ

               વીર‌                        ઉત્સાહ

               કરૂણ                      શોક 

               અદ્ભુત                  વિસ્મય

               હાસ્ય                     હાસ

               ભયાનક                  ભય

               બીભત્સ                 જુગુપ્સા

               રૌદ્ર                        ક્રોધ

               શાંત                       શમ

There are four critics of Bharatmuni’s  Rasa theory.

  Bhatt Lollata

  Shree Shankuka

  Bhatt Nayaka

  Abhinav Gupta

School of Dhvani :-

Dhvani means 'The suggestive quality of poetic language. The theory Dhvanyaloka by Anandvardhan is known as the name of Dhvani.

                   "ध्वनि: काव्यस्य आत्मा।"     

                                                  -आनंदवर्धन

 

      -   ઓઢું તો ઓઢું તારી ચુંદડી.

       - રેડિયામા બેઠાં બેની બંગલો વગાડે.

Dhvani of three type can be found..

• વસ્તુ ‌ધ્વનિ, રસ ‌ધ્વનિ, અલંકાર ‌ધ્વનિ

Alankar dhvani of example..

"મારી પાછળ મારી હસ્તીય વિખરાઈ ગઈ,

આંગળી જળ માંથી નીકળીને જગ્યા ભરાઈ ગઈ."

(1)Abhidha – Direct meaning

(2)Lakshna – We have direct meaning but we have to take another one.

(3)Vyanjana – There is the existence of direct meaning yet we have to use another meaning of wor

For example

•  એક બિલાડી જાડી - અભિધા
•  તેણે પહેરી સાડી - લક્ષણા 
•  તળાવ માં તો મગર - વ્યંજના

વિજળીના ચમકારે મોતીડાં પરોવો પાનબાઈ - વ્યંજના

School of Riti :-

Acharya Vamana had given importance to Riti in his work “Ritivichar”. Riti is  the way of presentation.

                      शैली भवा शैली l

Four types of style :-

Vaidrbhi style

Gaudi style

Lati style

Panchali style

School of Alankara :-

         Bhamaha is the first who introduced alamkara poetics. Second and third chapter of KAVYALANKARA deals with 35 figures of speech.  Three type of Alankar…

શબ્દા અલંકાર, 

અર્થા અલંકાર,

 ઉભરા અલંકાર

Example

દમયંતિનુ મુખ ચંદ્ર જેવું છે.

T.S.Eliot's 'The waste Land'

Ernest Hemingway's' The old man and  sea'

 

School of Vakrokti :-

Kuntaka is known as the originator of this Sanskrit literary theory. Vakrokti is a theory of poetry which perceive ives poetry essentially in terms of the language of its expressions. Here Vakrokti turns into beauty.

Six parts of Vakrokti,

-વર્ણ વિન્યાસ વક્રતા

- પદપૂર્વાધ વક્રતા

- પદપરાર્ધ વક્રતા

- વાક્ય વક્રતા

- પ્રકરણ વક્રતા

- પ્રબંધ વક્રતા

School of Auchitya :-

Kshemendra’s discussions of the principle of Aucitya is from the point of view of both the writer and the reader and is articulated in its given cultural and philosophical context.