Assignment : 209 Research Methodology

  Name :- Bhavna Sosa

MA Sem :- 04

Batch :- 2021-2023

Roll no. :- 02

Enrollment No. :- 4069206420210034

Paper No. :- 209 ( Research Methodology)

Topic :- Documenting Sources

Email id :- bhavnasosa211@gmail.com 

Submitted to :- S.B.Gardi Department Of English,MKBU

Introduction :

A documentation style is a set of guidelines that dictate how sources should be cited in a paper, including in-text citations and a list of references at the end. Each academic discipline may use a different style, and your teacher may require you to use a specific one or allow you to choose. These guidelines can also include formatting guidelines for headings and margins.

Definition of citation : 

A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including:

 To keep track of the information used in research, one should create a list of sources known as "works cited" and include in-text citations indicating where specific facts and ideas came from. The Modern Language Association (MLA) style is commonly used for documenting sources in the United States.

 Documenting Sources :

 Documenting involves providing evidence of the sources used to support the information in a research paper. A successful research paper combines the author's ideas with those of other sources, and proper documentation makes it clear which ideas are the author's and which are from outside sources.

 When creating a research paper, it is important to document where information that is not original came from. This is necessary because a research paper incorporates both the writer's own ideas and external information and ideas. Documenting sources helps readers to differentiate between the author's original ideas and those from outside sources.

Definition of Documentation Defined as written evidence of the interactions between and among health professionals, patients, and their families; the administration of procedures, treatments, and diagnostic tests; the patient’s response to them and education of the family support unit.

Documentation :

When writing a research paper, it is important to not only list the sources used in a works cited section, but also provide specific and detailed documentation throughout the paper. This can be done by inserting brief acknowledgments within the text whenever using another author's words, facts, or ideas. These acknowledgments typically include the author's last name and page number to identify the source and location of the borrowed material.

 Why Document?

By correctly documenting, you establish your credibility as a writer and researcher. You're letting your reader know that you've consulted experts whose ideas and information back up your own thoughts and ideas. Consequently, you make your viewpoint or argument more believable.

When you don't document correctly, your academic integrity can be called into question, because it may seem as though you're passing off others' ideas as your own.

If you don't document, you could inadvertently plagiarise, which is grounds for dismissal from college.

 Reasons Why Citation of Sources is Important When Writing :-

Attribution serves as a fact-checking tool.

 Citation makes you a better researcher.

Good citation practices make you a better writer.

A good bibliography shows off your scientific knowledge.

Careful citation practices will build your credibility as a scientist or scholar.

 Citation enables better verification of your work. (Sankaran)

Medieval Europe had a dual nature, where on one hand, there were constant incidents of raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion, while on the other hand, there was a flourishing trade with travelling merchants, monetary exchange, towns, if not cities, and active markets in grain. 

Townsend, in his work, talks about the different aspects of Medieval Europe, where despite the occurrences of violent activities such as raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion, there was also a thriving trade with travelling merchants, monetary exchange, towns, if not cities, and active markets in grain. (paraphrase of the first sentence with reference to the author and source)

According to Townsend, Medieval Europe was characterised by both violent activities such as raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion, as well as a bustling trade economy with travelling merchants, monetary exchange, towns, if not cities, and active markets in grain. (paraphrase of the first sentence with the author's name and a rewording of the sentence structure)

The author Townsend explains that Medieval Europe had a dichotomous nature, with instances of raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion, alongside a thriving trade system involving travelling merchants, monetary exchange, towns, if not cities, and active markets in grain. (paraphrase of the first sentence with a change in sentence structure and the use of the author's name)

References in the text must clearly point to specific sources in the list of works cited. The information in your parenthetical references in the text must match the corresponding information in the entries in your list of works cited. For a typical works-cited-list entry, which begins with the name of the author (or editor, translator, or narrator), the parenthetical reference begins with the same name. When the list contains only one work by the author cited, you need give only the author's last name to identify the work: "(Patterson 183-85)." If your list contains more than one author with the same last name, you must add the first initia.

 If two or three names begin the entry, give the last name of each person listed: If the work has more than three authors, follow the form in the bibliographic entry: either give the first author's last name followed by et al., without any intervening punctuation -or give all the last names. If the work is listed by title, use the title, shortened or in full; if two or more anonymous works have the same title, add a publication fact, such as a date, that distinguishes the works . If the list contains more than one work by the author, add the cited title, in full, after the author's last name .

For sources that use page numbering, give the relevant page number or numbers in the parenthetical reference . A page reference is similarly unnecessary if you use a passage from a one-page work. Electronic publications sometimes include paragraph numbers or other kinds of reference numbers .

If you are citing an entire work, for example, rather than a specific part of it, the author's name in the text may be the only documentation required. The statement "Booth has devoted an entire book to the subject" needs no parenthetical documentation if the list of works cited includes only one work by Booth. If, for the reader's convenience, you wish to name the book in your text, you can recast the sentence: "Booth has devoted an entire book, The Rhetoric of Fiction, to the subject."

 This technique can be useful when an entire paragraph is based on material from a single source. When a source is stated in this way and followed by a sequence of borrowings, it is important to signal at the end of the borrowings that you are switching to another source or to your own ideas. For example: According to Karl F. Zender, Romeo and Juliet presents an opposition between two worlds: "the world of the everyday," associated with the adults in the play, and "the world of romance," associated with the two lovers. Romeo and Juliet's language of love nevertheless becomes "fully responsive to the tang of actuality".

 Two kinds of notes may be used with parenthetical documentation: Content notes offering the reader comment, explanation, or information that the text cannot accommodate.Bibliographic notes containing either several sources or evaluative comments on sources. In providing this sort of supplementary information, place a superscript arabic numeral at the appropriate place in the text and write the note after a matching numeral either at the end of the text (as an endnote) or at the bottom of the page (as a footnote).

In your notes, avoid lengthy discussions that divert the reader's attention from the primary text. In general, comments that you cannot fit into the text should be omitted unless they provide essential justification or clarification of what you have written. You may use a note, for example, to give full publication facts for an original source for which you cite an indirect source and perhaps to explain why you worked from secondary material.Use notes for evaluative comments on sources and for references containing numerous citations. Many observers conclude that health care in the United States is inadequate.1 Technological advancements have brought advantages as well as unexpected problems.

 Conclusion :

To wind up, understanding the importance of documents is crucial. As you've previously learned about summarising, paraphrasing, and quoting when taking notes, it is now necessary to apply these techniques in your paper to integrate source material and support your arguments.In order to effectively support your ideas, it's important to grasp the significance of documents. As you've previously been taught about summarising, paraphrasing, and quoting while taking notes, you can now use these skills in your paper to seamlessly incorporate source material.

Work cited : 

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook For Writers Of Research Papers (Large Print). Modern Language Association Of America, 2009.

Thank you...